Stop calling moussaka “Greek lasagna.” There’s no pasta, no marinara sauce, and cheese is minimal, at best. Moussaka, the national dish of Greece, is so much more than another miscellaneous casserole. Complex and distinctive, no one would ever confuse the two if they ever had a taste.

Tender eggplant supports the hearty and robustly seasoned protein in a red wine-infused sauce, featuring onions, garlic, and aromatic spices like cinnamon and nutmeg. My small twist on tradition here is to skip the meat, of course, and opt for earthy, naturally beefy Sugimoto shiitake mushrooms instead. The pièce de résistance is a velvety béchamel sauce, covering the whole dish like a plush, velvety blanket.

What Is Moussaka?

The history of moussaka is as rich and diverse as the layers of flavors in the dish itself. The roots of moussaka can be traced back to the Middle East, where it’s believed to have originated from the Arabic word “musaqqa’a,” meaning chilled or cooled, reflecting the dish’s early preparation methods.

As the culinary influence of the Middle East spread, moussaka found its way into the Mediterranean and Balkan regions, each culture incorporating its own unique twist on the dish. The earliest versions were likely simple combinations of layered vegetables and spices, reflecting the agricultural abundance of the region.

When moussaka arrived in Greece, it underwent a transformation that would become the blueprint for the beloved dish we know today. The Greek moussaka typically features layers of eggplant, minced meat (often lamb or beef), tomatoes, onions, and a creamy béchamel sauce. The dish is then baked and served hot, creating a harmonious blend of flavors and textures.

Natural Variations

The evolution of moussaka doesn’t stop there. As it traveled through various regions, each culture added its own distinctive touch.

• In Turkey, moussaka might include zucchini alongside or instead of eggplant.
• In the Middle East, chickpeas and additional vegetables might help stretch the meat filling.
• In the Balkans, sliced potatoes run parallel with the eggplant for more defined, sizable layers.

What Makes A Great Moussaka?

The best moussaka strikes a balance across all strata, creating a dish that is both comforting and invigorating. The marker of success is when each bite captures the essence of Mediterranean cuisine, inviting you to savor each layer and appreciate the complexity of this iconic dish.

• Tender, Hearty Protein: Meat is moot when you start with a base of crumbled tofu for substance and minced Sugimoto shiitake mushrooms for style. Freezing, thawing, and draining the tofu first is the secret to creating a texture eerily similar to ground meat. Umami shiitake mushrooms enhance that illusion with ample free glutamate that creates an unmistakable umami sensation. Even when finely minced, their thick, chewy, tender caps ensure that every mouthful has a completely satisfying bite.

• Luscious Béchamel: One of the “mother sauces” of French cuisine made from a simple roux and seasoned with nutmeg, the some versions take it a step further by adding eggs for an even more decadent texture. Bypass all of that by simply using tahini and a pinch of sulfurous black salt instead.
• Layered Perfection: Sliced eggplants are typically salted to draw out excess moisture and bitterness, before being added to the mix, but that shouldn’t be the end of the story. Taking an extra few minutes to then roast the vegetables does wonders to concentrate the flavor and unlock subtle sweetness through caramelization. That attention to detail also ensures cleaner layers that won’t water down the dish.

Tips For Success and Serving Suggestions

Making a layered casserole like this can be something of a production. Though it does take time and effort, it’s completely feasible when you break it down! Don’t forget how to fill your plate with flare when you’re ready to eat.

• Patience is a virtue. If you can wait for the moussaka to cool, you’ll be able to get much cleaner slices with consistent layers. As you might have guessed from these photos, this is not a quality I possess. Even if you end up scooping it out piping hot with a spoon, I promise it will be delicious in any form.

• Make ahead. Moussaka tastes even better the next day, after all the herbs and spices have had time to mingle, so feel free to bake it well in advance and reheat it before serving. It can be stored in the fridge for 6 to 7 days, or frozen for up to 6 months. Simply allow it to thaw to room temperature and reheat at 350 degrees for 15 – 20 minutes before enjoying.
• Perfect pairings. While moussaka is a whole feast in and of itself, you can stretch the meal to feed more with a few simple side dishes. Top recommendations include sautéed greens, salad, bread, and tzatziki.

The popularity of moussaka has transcended cultural boundaries, becoming a beloved dish around the world. Its versatility allows for endless variations that blend elements from different culinary traditions. It’s about time we include Japanese inspiration into that mix, thoughout the unassailable powerhouse of tofu and shiitake mushrooms.

Today, moussaka stands as a testament to the interconnectedness of food cultures, showcasing how a dish can travel across borders, absorbing influences, and evolving into something uniquely delicious. With this latest evolution and many more sure to come, moussaka continues to be a symbol of shared culinary heritage and the joy of discovering new flavors through the ages.

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Yield: Makes 6 - 8 Servings

Mushroom Moussaka

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Moussaka is the national dish of Greece for good reason. Tender roasted eggplant supports the hearty and robust profile highly seasoned protein in a red wine-infused sauce, featuring onions, garlic, and aromatic spices like cinnamon and nutmeg. Naturally beefy shiitake and crumbled tofu seamlessly replace the meat, and a velvety béchamel sauce covers the whole dish like a plush, velvety blanket.

Prep Time 45 minutes

Cook Time 1 hour 15 minutes

Additional Time 15 minutes

Total Time 2 hours 15 minutes

Ingredients

Roasted Eggplants:

• 2 Large Globe Eggplants (About 2 Pounds Total)
• 1 Teaspoon Salt
• 3 Tablespoons Olive Oil

Meatless Filling:

• 3 Tablespoons Olive Oil
• 1 Large Yellow Onion, Diced
• 4 Cloves Garlic, Minced
• 1/4 Teaspoon Salt
• 1 Pound Super Firm Tofu, Frozen, Thawed, Drained, and Crumbled
• 1 (2.74 Ounce) Package Koshin Shiitake Mushrooms, Soaked Overnight, Caps and Stems Finely Minced
• 1/2 Cup Dry Red Wine
• 3 Tablespoons Tomato Paste
• 2 Tablespoons Tamari or Soy Sauce
• 1 Tablespoon Red Wine Vinegar
• 1 Teaspoon Dried Thyme
• 1 teaspoon Dried Oregano
• 1/2 Teaspoon Ground Cinnamon
• 1/2 Teaspoon Ground Black Pepper

Béchamel Sauce:

• 2 Tablespoons Vegan Butter
• 1/4 Cup All-Purpose Flour
• 2 Cups Plain, Unsweetened Non-Dairy Milk
• 2 Tablespoons Tahini
• 2 Tablespoons Nutritional Yeast
• 1/4 Teaspoon Ground Nutmeg
• 1/4 Teaspoon Kala Namak (Black Salt)
• 1/4 Teaspoon Ground Black Pepper

Topping:

• 1/3 Cup Panko Breadcrumbs
• 1/4 Teaspoon Fresh Parsley, Minced

Instructions

1. Preheat the oven to 450 degrees and line a baking sheet with parchment paper or a silicone baking mat.
   
2. Cut the eggplant into 1/2-inch slices and arrange them in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet. Sprinkle the eggplant slices with salt and let them sweat for about 20 minutes. Use a clean kitchen towel to pat dry. Drizzle with oil and roast for 25 - 30 minutes, until softened and golden brown. Set aside and reduce the oven temperature to 375.
   
3. Meanwhile, prepare the meatless filling by heating a large skillet over medium heat. Add the oil, and diced onions, cooking for 4 - 5 minutes until softened. Add minced garlic, season with salt, and cook for another minute. Add the crumbled tofu, further breaking up any large clumps with your spatula. Cook until browned; about 8 - 10 minutes.
   
4. Stir in the minced shiitake, red wine, tomato paste, tamari or soy sauce, vinegar, thyme, oregano, cinnamon, and pepper. Mix vigorously to incorporate the tomato paste throughout the mixture. Simmer, stirring periodically, for about 15 - 20 minutes, until the liquid has been absorbed.
   
5. To prepare the béchamel, place the vegan butter in a medium saucepan over medium heat. Once melted, add the flour and whisk continuously for 2 - 3 minutes to create a roux. Gradually whisk in non-dairy milk to avoid lumps. Continue cooking and whisking until the sauce thickens. Add in the tahini, nutritional yeast, nutmeg, black salt, and pepper. Remove from the heat and let cool.
   
6. Finally, we're ready to assemble! In a 2-quart casserole dish, layer half of the eggplant slices, overlapping slightly. Add half of the meatless filling, packing it down firmly. Arrange another layer of the remaining eggplant on top, and then the remaining meat over that, in the same fashion. Pour the béchamel sauce over the top, spreading it evenly. Sprinkle with panko and very carefully slide it into the oven.
   
7. Bake the moussaka at 375 degrees for 45-50 minutes or until the top is golden brown. Allow the moussaka to cool for a bit before slicing, and top with parsley right before serving. Enjoy warm or at room temperature.

Notes

To make this gluten-free, use your favorite gluten-free flour blend and breadcrumbs.

Recommended Products

Please note that some of the links above are affiliate links, and at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you decide to make a purchase after clicking through the link. I have experience with all of these companies and I recommend them because they are helpful and useful, not because of the small commissions I make if you decide to buy something through my links.

• 
  Forest-grown Japanese Shiitake Powder 40g, Natural Umami Booster
• 
  Japanese Dried Shiitake DONKO, 25-42mm, 70g
• 
  Japanese Dried Shiitake KOSHIN, 42-75mm, 70g

Nutrition Information:

Yield:

8

Serving Size:

1
Amount Per Serving: Calories: 347Total Fat: 20gSaturated Fat: 4gTrans Fat: 1gUnsaturated Fat: 15gCholesterol: 5mgSodium: 765mgCarbohydrates: 31gFiber: 7gSugar: 11gProtein: 13g

All nutritional information presented within this site are intended for informational purposes only. I am not a certified nutritionist and any nutritional information on BitterSweetBlog.com should only be used as a general guideline. This information is provided as a courtesy and there is no guarantee that the information will be completely accurate. Even though I try to provide accurate nutritional information to the best of my ability, these figures should still be considered estimations.